Difference between revisions of "Help:Editing"

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{{H:h|editor toc}}
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== [[w:wikitext|Wikitext]] markup -- making your page look the way you want==
−
This Editing Overview has a lot of '''[[w:wikitext|wikitext]]''' examples. You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference while you edit.
+
  
−
Each of the topics covered here is covered somewhere else in more detail. Please look in the box on the right for the topic you are interested in.
+
<!-- This is the part everybody wants, therefore transcluded and not just linked.-->
−
== Editing basics ==
+
* You can see some more detailed examples at [[Help:Wiki markup examples]].
 +
* If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the [[{{ns:4}}:Sandbox]].
  
−
;Start editing
+
=== Basic text formatting ===
−
:To start editing a [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] page, click on the "'''Edit this page'''" (or just "'''edit'''") link at one of its edges. This will bring you to the '''edit page''': a page with a text box containing the ''[[w:wikitext|wikitext]]'': the editable source code from which the server produces the webpage. ''If you just want to experiment, please do so in the [[{{ns:4}}:Sandbox|sandbox]], not here''.
+
  
−
;Summarize your changes
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
−
:You should write a short [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] in the small field below the edit-box. You may use shorthand to describe your changes, as described in the [[{{ns:4}}:Edit summary legend|legend]].
+
|-
 +
!What it looks like
 +
!What you type
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
You can ''emphasize text'' by putting two
 +
apostrophes on each side. Three apostrophes
 +
will emphasize it '''strongly'''. Five
 +
apostrophes is '''''even stronger'''''.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
You can ''emphasize text'' by putting two
 +
apostrophes on each side. Three apostrophes
 +
will emphasize it '''strongly'''. Five
 +
apostrophes is '''''even stronger'''''.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
A single newline
 +
has no effect
 +
on the layout.
  
−
;Preview before saving
+
But an empty line
−
:When you have finished, press [[Help:Show preview|preview]] to see how your changes will look -- '''before''' you make them permanent. Repeat the edit/preview process until you are satisfied, then click "Save" and your changes will be immediately applied to the article.
+
starts a new paragraph.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
A single newline
 +
has no effect
 +
on the layout.
  
−
{{:Help:Wikitext quick reference}} <!-- Edit this at [[Help:Wikitext quick reference]] -->
+
But an empty line
 +
starts a new paragraph.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
You can break lines<br>
 +
without starting a new paragraph.<br>
 +
Please use this sparingly.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
You can break lines<br>
 +
without starting a new paragraph.<br>
 +
Please use this sparingly.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
You should "sign" your comments on talk pages:
 +
: Three tildes gives your user name: [[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]]
 +
: Four tildes give your user name plus date/time: [[User:Karl Wick|Karl Wick]] 07:46, 27 November 2005 (UTC)
 +
: Five tildes gives the date/time alone: 07:46, 27 November 2005 (UTC)
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
You should "sign" your comments on talk pages:
 +
: Three tildes gives your user name: ~~~
 +
: Four tildes give your user name plus date/time: ~~~~
 +
: Five tildes gives the date/time alone: ~~~~~
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
You can use <b>HTML tags</b>, too, if you
 +
want. Some useful ways to use HTML:
  
−
{{:Help:Editing tips and tricks}} <!-- Edit this at [[Help:Editing tips and tricks]] -->
+
Put text in a <tt>typewriter font</tt>.
 +
The same font is generally used for
 +
<code>computer code</code>.
  
−
== Minor edits ==
+
<strike>Strike out</strike> or
 +
<u>underline</u> text, or write it
 +
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">
 +
in small caps</span>.
  
−
A [[Help:Logging in|logged-in]] user can mark an edit as "minor". [[Help:Minor edit|Minor edit]]s are generally spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearrangement of text. Users may choose to ''hide'' minor edits when viewing [[Help:Recent changes|Recent Changes]].
+
Superscripts and subscripts:
 +
x<sup>2</sup>, x<sub>2</sub>
  
−
Marking a significant change as a minor edit is considered bad Wikiquette. If you have accidentally marked an edit as minor, make a [[Help:Dummy edit|dummy edit]], verify that the "<small>'''[&nbsp;] This is a minor edit'''</small>" check-box is unchecked, and explain in the edit summary that the previous edit was not minor.
+
Invisible comments that only appear while editing the page.
 +
<!-- Note to editors: blah blah blah. -->
 +
Comments should usually go on the talk page, though.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
You can use <b>HTML tags</b>, too, if you
 +
want. Some useful ways to use HTML:
  
−
==See also==
+
Put text in a <tt>typewriter font</tt>.
−
*[[Help:Editing FAQ]]
+
The same font is generally used for
−
*[[Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext]]
+
<code>computer code</code>.
−
*[[Help:Calculation]]
+
−
*[[Help:Editing toolbar]]
+
−
*[[Help:HTML in wikitext]]
+
−
*[[Help:Administration#Page_protection| Protecting pages]]
+
−
*[[Help:Starting a new page]]
+
−
*[[Help:Variable]]
+
−
*[[w:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]] and [[w:Wikipedia:PHP script|Wikipedia:PHP script]].
+
−
*[[w:HTML element|HTML elements]].
+
−
*[[w:en:User:Pilaf/Live Preview|Live preview]] - a way to preview your edits without contacting the server.
+
−
*[[:Image:Special characters Verdana IE.png]] - shows special characters with codes, and also shows problem characters.
+
−
*{{tim|fs}} - font size
+
−
*{{tim|co}} - color
+
−
*{{tiw|en|hidden begin}} - showing and hiding text using Javascript
+
  
−
==External links==
+
<strike>Strike out</strike> or
−
*[http://home.earthlink.net/~awinkelried/keyboard_shortcuts.html Special characters in HTML]   
+
<u>underline</u> text, or write it
−
{{h:f|enname=Editing}}
+
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">
 +
in small caps</span>.
 +
 
 +
Superscripts and subscripts:
 +
x<sup>2</sup>, x<sub>2</sub>
 +
 
 +
Invisible comments that only appear while editing the page.
 +
<!-- Note to editors: blah blah blah. -->
 +
Comments should usually go on the talk page, though.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
For a list of HTML tags that are allowed, see [[Help:HTML in wikitext|HTML in wikitext]]. However, you should avoid HTML in favor of Wiki markup whenever possible.
 +
 
 +
=== Organizing your writing ===
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
 +
|-
 +
!What it looks like
 +
!What you type
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
<span style="font-size: 150%"><b>Section headings</b></span>
 +
 
 +
''Headings'' organize your writing into sections.
 +
The Wiki software can automatically generate
 +
a [[Help:table of contents|table of contents]] from them.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<span style="font-size: 125%"><b>Subsection</b></span>
 +
 
 +
Using more equals signs creates a subsection.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<b>A smaller subsection</b>
 +
 
 +
Don't skip levels, like from two to four equals signs.
 +
Start with two equals signs; don't use single equals signs.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
== Section headings ==
 +
 
 +
''Headings'' organize your writing into sections.
 +
The Wiki software can automatically generate
 +
a table of contents from them.
 +
 
 +
=== Subsection ===
 +
 
 +
Using more equals signs creates a subsection.
 +
 
 +
==== A smaller subsection ====
 +
 
 +
Don't skip levels, like from two to four equals signs.
 +
Start with two equals signs; don't use single equals signs.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
* ''Unordered [[Help:List|list]]s'' are easy to do:
 +
** Start every line with a star.
 +
*** More stars indicate a deeper level.
 +
* A newline
 +
* in a list 
 +
marks the end of the list.
 +
*Of course you can start again.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
* ''Unordered lists'' are easy to do:
 +
** Start every line with a star.
 +
*** More stars indicate a deeper level.
 +
* A newline
 +
* in a list 
 +
marks the end of the list.
 +
* Of course you can start again.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
# ''Numbered lists'' are also good:
 +
## Very organized
 +
## Easy to follow
 +
A newline marks the end of the list.
 +
# New numbering starts with 1.
 +
 
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
# ''Numbered lists'' are also good:
 +
## Very organized
 +
## Easy to follow
 +
A newline marks the end of the list.
 +
# New numbering starts with 1.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
Another kind of list is a ''definition list'':
 +
; word : definition of the word
 +
; here is a longer phrase that needs a definition
 +
: phrase defined
 +
; a word : with a definition
 +
: that requires
 +
: multiple paragraphs
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
Another kind of list is a ''definition list'':
 +
; word : definition of the word
 +
; here is a longer phrase that needs a definition
 +
: phrase defined
 +
; a word : with a definition
 +
: that requires
 +
: multiple paragraphs</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
* You can even do mixed lists
 +
*# and nest them
 +
*# inside each other
 +
*#* or break lines<br>in lists.
 +
*#; definition lists
 +
*#: can be
 +
*#;; nested too
 +
|<pre><nowiki>* You can even do mixed lists
 +
*# and nest them
 +
*# inside each other
 +
*#* or break lines<br>in lists.
 +
*#; definition lists
 +
*#: can be
 +
*#;; nested too</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
 +
A newline after that starts a new paragraph.
 +
:: This is often used for discussion on [[Help:Talk page|Talk page]]s.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
 +
A newline after that starts a new paragraph.
 +
:: This is often used for discussion on talk pages.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
You can make [[w:horizontal dividing line|horizontal dividing line]]s
 +
to separate text.
 +
----
 +
But you should usually use sections instead,
 +
so that they go in the table of contents.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
You can make horizontal dividing lines
 +
to separate text.
 +
----
 +
But you should usually use sections instead,
 +
so that they go in the table of contents.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== Links ===
 +
 
 +
You will often want to make clickable ''links'' to other pages.
 +
 
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
 +
|-
 +
!What it looks like
 +
!What you type
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
Here's a link to a page named [[Official position]].
 +
You can even say [[official position]]s
 +
and the link will show up correctly.
 +
 
 +
You can put formatting around a link.
 +
Example: ''[[Wikipedia]]''.
 +
 
 +
The ''first letter'' of articles is automatically capitalized,
 +
so [[wikipedia]] goes to the same place as [[Wikipedia]].
 +
Capitalization matters after the first letter.
 +
 
 +
''This is not the case with [[wiktionary]], where every letter is case-sensitive - see [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apollo apollo] and [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Apollo Apollo] as an example.''
 +
 
 +
[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist
 +
yet. You could create it by clicking on the link.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
Here's a link to a page named [[Official position]].
 +
You can even say [[official position]]s
 +
and the link will show up correctly.
 +
 
 +
You can put formatting around a link.
 +
Example: ''[[Wikipedia]]''.
 +
 
 +
The ''first letter'' of articles is automatically capitalized,
 +
so [[wikipedia]] goes to the same place as [[Wikipedia]].
 +
Capitalization matters after the first letter.
 +
 
 +
[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist
 +
yet. You could create it by clicking on the link.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
You can link to a page section by its title:
 +
 
 +
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco]].
 +
*[[List of cities by country#Sealand]].
 +
 
 +
If multiple sections have the same title, add
 +
a number. [[#Example section 3]] goes to the
 +
third section named "Example section".
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
You can link to a page section by its title:
 +
 
 +
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco]].
 +
*[[List of cities by country#Sealand]].
 +
 
 +
If multiple sections have the same title, add
 +
a number. [[#Example section 3]] goes to the
 +
third section named "Example section".
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
You can make a link point to a different place
 +
with a [[Help:Piped link|piped link]]. Put the link
 +
target first, then the pipe character "|", then
 +
the link text.
 +
 
 +
*[[Help:Link|About Links]]
 +
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco|
 +
Cities in Morocco]]
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
You can make a link point to a different place
 +
with a [[Help:Piped link|piped link]]. Put the link
 +
target first, then the pipe character "|", then
 +
the link text.
 +
 
 +
*[[Help:Link|About Links]]
 +
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco|
 +
Cities in Morocco]]
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
You can make an external link just by typing a URL:
 +
http://www.nupedia.com
 +
 
 +
You can give it a title:
 +
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]
 +
 
 +
Or leave the title blank:
 +
[http://www.nupedia.com]
 +
|
 +
<pre><nowiki>
 +
You can make an external link just by typing a URL:
 +
http://www.nupedia.com
 +
 
 +
You can give it a title:
 +
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]
 +
 
 +
Or leave the title blank:
 +
[http://www.nupedia.com]
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
You can [[Help:Redirect|redirect]] the user to another page with
 +
a special link. For example, you might want to
 +
redirect [[w:USA|USA]] to [[w:United States|United States]].
 +
;Note:
 +
;:# This command should appear as the first line of a page for it to work.
 +
;:# If there are any lines following the directive, they will be automatically erase when saving the document.
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
#REDIRECT [[United States]]
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
[[Help:Category|Category links]] don't show up, but add the page
 +
to a category. [[Category:English documentation]]
 +
 
 +
Add an extra colon to actually link to the category:
 +
[[:Category:English documentation]]
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
Category links don't show up, but add the page
 +
to a category. [[Category:English documentation]]
 +
 
 +
Add an extra colon to actually link to the category:
 +
[[:Category:English documentation]]
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
The Wiki reformats linked dates to match the reader's date
 +
preferences. These three dates will show up the same if you
 +
choose a format in your [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]]:
 +
* [[July 20]], [[1969]]
 +
* [[20 July]] [[1969]]
 +
* [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
The Wiki reformats linked dates to match the reader's date
 +
preferences. These three dates will show up the same if you
 +
choose a format in your [[Special:Preferences|]]:
 +
* [[July 20]], [[1969]]
 +
* [[20 July]] [[1969]]
 +
* [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Just show what I typed===
 +
 
 +
A few different kinds of formatting will tell the Wiki to display things as you typed them.
 +
 
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
 +
|-
 +
! style="width:8em" |
 +
!What it looks like
 +
!What you type
 +
|-
 +
|'''&lt;nowiki&gt; tags'''
 +
|
 +
<nowiki>
 +
The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
 +
It reformats text by removing newlines    and multiple spaces.
 +
It still interprets special characters: &rarr;
 +
</nowiki>
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
&lt;nowiki&gt;
 +
The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
 +
It reformats text by removing newlines    and multiple spaces.
 +
It still interprets special characters: &amp;rarr;
 +
&lt;/nowiki&gt;
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|'''&lt;pre&gt; tags'''
 +
|
 +
<pre>
 +
The pre tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
 +
It also doesn't    reformat text.
 +
It still interprets special characters: &rarr;
 +
</pre>
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
<pre>
 +
The pre tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
 +
It also doesn't    reformat text.
 +
It still interprets special characters: &amp;rarr;
 +
</pre>
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|'''Leading spaces'''
 +
|
 +
Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting.
 +
 
 +
Putting a space at the beginning of each line
 +
stops the text  from being reformatted. It still
 +
interprets [[Wiki]] ''markup'' and special
 +
characters: &rarr;
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting.
 +
 
 +
Putting a space at the beginning of each line
 +
stops the text  from being reformatted. It still
 +
interprets [[Wiki]] ''markup'' and special
 +
characters: &amp;rarr;
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|'''What to do inside of [[Help:list|list]]s'''
 +
|
 +
#<nowiki>A newline
 +
surrounded by nowiki tags
 +
in a list
 +
does not mark the end of the list.
 +
</nowiki><pre><nowiki>
 +
You can combine pre tags with nowiki tags so
 +
preformatted examples can go inside of lists.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
#The list continues.
 +
|
 +
<pre><nowiki>
 +
#&lt;nowiki&gt;A newline
 +
surrounded by nowiki tags
 +
in a list
 +
does not mark the end of the list.
 +
&lt;/nowiki&gt;<pre>&lt;nowiki&gt;
 +
You can combine pre tags with nowiki tags so
 +
preformatted examples can go inside of lists.
 +
&lt;/nowiki&gt;</pre>
 +
#The list continues.
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Images, tables, video, and sounds===
 +
This is a very quick introduction. For more information, see:
 +
* [[Help:Images and other uploaded files]] for how to upload files
 +
* [[Help:Extended image syntax]] for how to arrange images on the page
 +
* [[Help:Table]] for how to create a table
 +
 
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
 +
|-
 +
!What it looks like
 +
!What you type
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
A picture, including alternate text:
 +
 
 +
[[Image:Wiki.png|The logo for this Wiki]]
 +
 
 +
You can put the image in a frame with a caption:
 +
[[Image:Wiki.png|frame|The logo for this Wiki]]
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
A picture, including alternate text:
 +
 
 +
[[Image:Wiki.png|The logo for this Wiki]]
 +
 
 +
You can put the image in a frame with a caption:
 +
[[Image:Wiki.png|frame|The logo for this Wiki]]
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
A link to Wikipedia's page for the image:
 +
[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
 +
 
 +
Or a link directly to the image itself:
 +
[[Media:Wiki.png]]
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
A link to Wikipedia's page for the image:
 +
[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
 +
 
 +
Or a link directly to the image itself:
 +
[[Media:Wiki.png]]
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
Use '''media:''' links to link directly to sounds
 +
or videos: [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|A sound file]]
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
Use '''media:''' links to link directly to sounds
 +
or videos: [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|A sound file]]
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
 +
! This
 +
! is
 +
|-
 +
| a
 +
| table
 +
|}
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
 +
! This
 +
! is
 +
|-
 +
| a
 +
| table
 +
|}
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== Mathematical formulas ===
 +
You can format mathematical formulas with [[w:TeX|TeX]] markup. See [[Help:Formula]].
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
 +
|-
 +
!What it looks like
 +
!What you type
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Special characters===
 +
 
 +
''Now that [[Mediawiki]] supports [[UTF-8]], many of these can be entered directly into articles, without the HTML markup.  On many wikis, a tool appears under the edit box to make this easier.  See [[Help:Special characters]].''
 +
 
 +
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
 +
<tr valign="top">
 +
<td>
 +
'''Umlauts and accents:''' <br>
 +
À Á Â Ã Ä Å<br>
 +
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë<br>
 +
Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò<br>
 +
Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù<br>
 +
Ú Û Ü ß à á<br>
 +
â ã ä å æ ç<br>
 +
è é ê ë ì í<br>
 +
î ï ñ ò ó ô<br>
 +
œ õ ö ø ù ú<br>
 +
û ü ÿ
 +
</td>
 +
<td><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc;  &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml;   &amp;Aring;  </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;AElig;  &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc;  &amp;Euml;  </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc;  &amp;Iuml;  &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc;  &amp;Otilde; &amp;Ouml;  &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc;  &amp;Uuml;  &amp;szlig;  &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;acirc;  &amp;atilde; &amp;auml;  &amp;aring;  &amp;aelig;  &amp;ccedil; </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc;  &amp;euml;  &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;icirc;  &amp;iuml;  &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc;  </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;oelig;  &amp;otilde; &amp;ouml;  &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;ucirc;  &amp;uuml;  &amp;yuml;                                          </nowiki></tt>
 +
</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr valign=top>
 +
<td>
 +
'''Punctuation:'''<br>
 +
¿ ¡ « » § ¶<br>
 +
† ‡ • - – —
 +
</td>
 +
<td><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl;  &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;sect; &amp;para; </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull;  &amp;ndash; &amp;mdash;          </nowiki></tt>
 +
</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr valign="top">
 +
<td>
 +
'''Commercial symbols:'''<br>
 +
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤
 +
</td>
 +
<td><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren;</nowiki></tt>
 +
</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr valign="top"><td>'''Greek characters:''' <br>
 +
α β γ δ ε ζ<br>
 +
η θ ι κ λ μ ν<br>
 +
ξ ο π ρ σ ς<br>
 +
τ υ φ χ ψ ω<br>
 +
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π<br>
 +
Σ Φ Ψ Ω<br>
 +
</td>
 +
<td><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta;    &amp;gamma; &amp;delta;  &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta;            </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;eta;  &amp;theta;  &amp;iota;  &amp;kappa;  &amp;lambda;  &amp;mu;    &amp;nu; </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;xi;    &amp;omicron; &amp;pi;    &amp;rho;    &amp;sigma;  &amp;sigmaf;          </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;tau;  &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi;  &amp;chi;    &amp;psi;    &amp;omega;          </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta;  &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi;      &amp;Pi;              </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi;    &amp;Psi;  &amp;Omega;                                      </nowiki></tt>
 +
</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr valign="top">
 +
<td>
 +
'''Math characters:''' ([[#Mathematical_formulas|TeX]] is often better) <br>
 +
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞<br>
 +
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥<br>
 +
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″<br>
 +
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ø<br>
 +
∈ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br>
 +
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔<br>
 +
→ ↔ ↑ ↓<br>
 +
</td>
 +
<td><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;int;  &amp;sum;    &amp;prod;  &amp;radic;  &amp;minus;  &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;asymp; &amp;prop;  &amp;equiv;  &amp;ne;    &amp;le;    &amp;ge;                </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part;  &amp;prime;  &amp;Prime;              </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg;    &amp;there4; &amp;oslash;                          </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;isin;  &amp;cap;    &amp;cup;    &amp;sub;    &amp;sup;    &amp;sube;  &amp;supe;  </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;not;  &amp;and;    &amp;or;    &amp;exist;  &amp;forall; &amp;rArr;  &amp;hArr;  </nowiki></tt><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;rarr;  &amp;harr;  &amp;uarr;  &amp;darr;                                                  </nowiki></tt>
 +
</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr valign="top">
 +
<td>
 +
'''Problem symbols:''' <br>
 +
ℵ ∉
 +
</td>
 +
<td><br>
 +
<tt><nowiki>&amp;alefsym; &amp;notin; </nowiki></tt>
 +
</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
</table>
 +
 
 +
===Templates===
 +
 
 +
'''[[Help:Template|Templates]]''' are segments of Wiki markup that are meant to be copied automatically ("transcluded") into a page.
 +
You add them by putting the template's name in <nowiki>{{double braces}}</nowiki>.
 +
 
 +
Some templates take ''parameters'', as well, which you separate with the pipe character.
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
 +
|-
 +
!What it looks like
 +
!What you type
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{{Transclusion demo}}
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
{{Transclusion demo}}
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
This template takes two parameters, and creates
 +
underlined text with a hover box:
 +
 
 +
{{H:title|This is the hover text|
 +
Hover your mouse over this text}}
 +
 
 +
Go to this page to see the H:title template itself: {{tl|H:title}}
 +
 
 +
|<pre><nowiki>
 +
This template takes two parameters, and creates
 +
underlined text with a hover box:
 +
 
 +
{{H:title|This is the hover text|
 +
Hover your mouse over this text}}
 +
 
 +
Go to this page to see the H:title template itself: {{tl|H:title}}
 +
</nowiki></pre>
 +
|}

Latest revision as of 03:46, 6 March 2006

Wikitext markup -- making your page look the way you want

Basic text formatting

What it looks like What you type

You can emphasize text by putting two apostrophes on each side. Three apostrophes will emphasize it strongly. Five apostrophes is even stronger. 

You can ''emphasize text'' by putting two
apostrophes on each side. Three apostrophes
will emphasize it '''strongly'''. Five
apostrophes is '''''even stronger'''''.

A single newline has no effect on the layout.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph. 

A single newline
has no effect
on the layout.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.

You can break lines
without starting a new paragraph.
Please use this sparingly. 

You can break lines<br>
without starting a new paragraph.<br>
Please use this sparingly.

You should "sign" your comments on talk pages:

Three tildes gives your user name: Karl Wick
Four tildes give your user name plus date/time: Karl Wick 07:46, 27 November 2005 (UTC)
Five tildes gives the date/time alone: 07:46, 27 November 2005 (UTC) 
You should "sign" your comments on talk pages:
: Three tildes gives your user name: ~~~
: Four tildes give your user name plus date/time: ~~~~
: Five tildes gives the date/time alone: ~~~~~

You can use HTML tags, too, if you want. Some useful ways to use HTML:

Put text in a typewriter font. The same font is generally used for computer code.

Strike out or underline text, or write it in small caps.

Superscripts and subscripts: x2, x2

Invisible comments that only appear while editing the page. Comments should usually go on the talk page, though. 

You can use <b>HTML tags</b>, too, if you
want. Some useful ways to use HTML:

Put text in a <tt>typewriter font</tt>.
The same font is generally used for
<code>computer code</code>.

<strike>Strike out</strike> or
<u>underline</u> text, or write it
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">
in small caps</span>.

Superscripts and subscripts:
x<sup>2</sup>, x<sub>2</sub>

Invisible comments that only appear while editing the page.
<!-- Note to editors: blah blah blah. -->
Comments should usually go on the talk page, though.

For a list of HTML tags that are allowed, see HTML in wikitext. However, you should avoid HTML in favor of Wiki markup whenever possible.

Organizing your writing

What it looks like What you type

Section headings

Headings organize your writing into sections. The Wiki software can automatically generate a table of contents from them.


Subsection

Using more equals signs creates a subsection.


A smaller subsection

Don't skip levels, like from two to four equals signs. Start with two equals signs; don't use single equals signs. 

== Section headings ==

''Headings'' organize your writing into sections.
The Wiki software can automatically generate
a table of contents from them.

=== Subsection ===

Using more equals signs creates a subsection.

==== A smaller subsection ====

Don't skip levels, like from two to four equals signs.
Start with two equals signs; don't use single equals signs.
  • Unordered lists are easy to do:
    • Start every line with a star.
      • More stars indicate a deeper level.
  • A newline
  • in a list

marks the end of the list.

  • Of course you can start again. 
* ''Unordered lists'' are easy to do:
** Start every line with a star.
*** More stars indicate a deeper level.
* A newline
* in a list  
marks the end of the list.
* Of course you can start again.
  1. Numbered lists are also good:
    1. Very organized
    2. Easy to follow

A newline marks the end of the list.

  1. New numbering starts with 1. 
# ''Numbered lists'' are also good:
## Very organized
## Easy to follow
A newline marks the end of the list.
# New numbering starts with 1.

Another kind of list is a definition list:

word 
definition of the word
here is a longer phrase that needs a definition
phrase defined
a word 
with a definition
that requires
multiple paragraphs 
Another kind of list is a ''definition list'':
; word : definition of the word
; here is a longer phrase that needs a definition
: phrase defined
; a word : with a definition
: that requires
: multiple paragraphs
  • You can even do mixed lists
    1. and nest them
    2. inside each other
      • or break lines
        in lists.
      definition lists
      can be
      nested too 
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*# inside each other
*#* or break lines<br>in lists.
*#; definition lists
*#: can be 
*#;; nested too
A colon indents a line or paragraph.

A newline after that starts a new paragraph.

This is often used for discussion on Talk pages. 
: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A newline after that starts a new paragraph.
:: This is often used for discussion on talk pages.

You can make horizontal dividing lines to separate text.

But you should usually use sections instead, so that they go in the table of contents. 

You can make horizontal dividing lines
to separate text.
----
But you should usually use sections instead,
so that they go in the table of contents.

Links

You will often want to make clickable links to other pages.

What it looks like What you type

Here's a link to a page named Official position. You can even say official positions and the link will show up correctly.

You can put formatting around a link. Example: Wikipedia.

The first letter of articles is automatically capitalized, so wikipedia goes to the same place as Wikipedia. Capitalization matters after the first letter.

This is not the case with wiktionary, where every letter is case-sensitive - see apollo and Apollo as an example.

The weather in London is a page that doesn't exist yet. You could create it by clicking on the link. 

Here's a link to a page named [[Official position]].
You can even say [[official position]]s
and the link will show up correctly.

You can put formatting around a link.
Example: ''[[Wikipedia]]''.

The ''first letter'' of articles is automatically capitalized,
so [[wikipedia]] goes to the same place as [[Wikipedia]].
Capitalization matters after the first letter.

[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist
yet. You could create it by clicking on the link.

You can link to a page section by its title:

If multiple sections have the same title, add a number. #Example section 3 goes to the third section named "Example section". 

You can link to a page section by its title:

*[[List of cities by country#Morocco]].
*[[List of cities by country#Sealand]].

If multiple sections have the same title, add
a number. [[#Example section 3]] goes to the
third section named "Example section".

You can make a link point to a different place with a piped link. Put the link target first, then the pipe character "|", then the link text. 

You can make a link point to a different place
with a [[Help:Piped link|piped link]]. Put the link
target first, then the pipe character "|", then
the link text.

*[[Help:Link|About Links]]
*[[List of cities by country#Morocco|
Cities in Morocco]]

You can make an external link just by typing a URL: http://www.nupedia.com

You can give it a title: Nupedia

Or leave the title blank: [1] 

You can make an external link just by typing a URL:
http://www.nupedia.com

You can give it a title:
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]

Or leave the title blank:
[http://www.nupedia.com]

You can redirect the user to another page with a special link. For example, you might want to redirect USA to United States.

Note
  1. This command should appear as the first line of a page for it to work.
  2. If there are any lines following the directive, they will be automatically erase when saving the document. 
#REDIRECT [[United States]]

Category links don't show up, but add the page to a category.

Add an extra colon to actually link to the category: Category:English documentation 

Category links don't show up, but add the page
to a category. [[Category:English documentation]]

Add an extra colon to actually link to the category:
[[:Category:English documentation]]

The Wiki reformats linked dates to match the reader's date preferences. These three dates will show up the same if you choose a format in your Preferences: 

The Wiki reformats linked dates to match the reader's date
preferences. These three dates will show up the same if you
choose a format in your [[Special:Preferences|]]:
* [[July 20]], [[1969]]
* [[20 July]] [[1969]]
* [[1969]]-[[07-20]]

Just show what I typed

A few different kinds of formatting will tell the Wiki to display things as you typed them.

What it looks like What you type
<nowiki> tags

The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''. It reformats text by removing newlines and multiple spaces. It still interprets special characters: → 

<nowiki>
The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
It reformats text by removing newlines    and multiple spaces.
It still interprets special characters: &rarr;
</nowiki>
<pre> tags 
The pre tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
It also doesn't     reformat text.
It still interprets special characters: →

<nowiki>
<pre>
The pre tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
It also doesn't     reformat text.
It still interprets special characters: &rarr;

</nowiki></pre>

Leading spaces

Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting. 

Putting a space at the beginning of each line
stops the text   from being reformatted. It still
interprets Wiki markup and special
characters: →

Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting.

 Putting a space at the beginning of each line
 stops the text   from being reformatted. It still
 interprets [[Wiki]] ''markup'' and special
 characters: &rarr;
What to do inside of lists
  1. A newline surrounded by nowiki tags in a list does not mark the end of the list. 
    2. 



You can combine pre tags with nowiki tags so
preformatted examples can go inside of lists.




    

  1. The list continues.

    2. 





<nowiki>
#<nowiki>A newline
surrounded by nowiki tags
in a list
does not mark the end of the list.
</nowiki><pre><nowiki>
You can combine pre tags with nowiki tags so
preformatted examples can go inside of lists.
</nowiki>


    

  1. The list continues.

    2. 



</nowiki></pre>





Images, tables, video, and sounds


This is a very quick introduction. For more information, see:








What it looks like

What you type






A picture, including alternate text:

The logo for this Wiki

You can put the image in a frame with a caption:



File:Wiki.png  
The logo for this Wiki



A picture, including alternate text:

[[Image:Wiki.png|The logo for this Wiki]]

You can put the image in a frame with a caption:
[[Image:Wiki.png|frame|The logo for this Wiki]]








A link to Wikipedia's page for the image:
Image:Wiki.png

Or a link directly to the image itself:
Media:Wiki.png




A link to Wikipedia's page for the image:
[[:Image:Wiki.png]]

Or a link directly to the image itself:
[[Media:Wiki.png]]








Use media: links to link directly to sounds
or videos: A sound file




Use '''media:''' links to link directly to sounds
or videos: [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|A sound file]]











 This

 is




 a

 table




{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! This
! is
|- 
| a
| table
|}





Mathematical formulas


You can format mathematical formulas with TeX markup. See Help:Formula.







What it looks like

What you type






<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>




<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>





Special characters


Now that Mediawiki supports UTF-8, many of these can be entered directly into articles, without the HTML markup.  On many wikis, a tool appears under the edit box to make this easier.  See Help:Special characters.








Umlauts and accents: 

À Á Â Ã Ä Å

Æ Ç È É Ê Ë

Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò

Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù

Ú Û Ü ß à á

â ã ä å æ ç

è é ê ë ì í

î ï ñ ò ó ô

œ õ ö ø ù ú

û ü ÿ






&Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc;  &Atilde; &Auml;   &Aring;  

&AElig;  &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc;  &Euml;   

&Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc;  &Iuml;   &Ntilde; &Ograve; 

&Oacute; &Ocirc;  &Otilde; &Ouml;   &Oslash; &Ugrave; 

&Uacute; &Ucirc;  &Uuml;   &szlig;  &agrave; &aacute; 

&acirc;  &atilde; &auml;   &aring;  &aelig;  &ccedil; 

&egrave; &eacute; &ecirc;  &euml;   &igrave; &iacute; 

&icirc;  &iuml;   &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc;  

&oelig;  &otilde; &ouml;   &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute; 

&ucirc;  &uuml;   &yuml;                                          









Punctuation:

¿ ¡ « » § ¶

† ‡ • - – —






&iquest; &iexcl;  &laquo; &raquo; &sect; &para; 

&dagger; &Dagger; &bull;  &ndash; &mdash;           









Commercial symbols:

™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤






&trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen; &pound; &curren;






Greek characters: 


α β γ δ ε ζ

η θ ι κ λ μ ν

ξ ο π ρ σ ς

τ υ φ χ ψ ω

Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π

Σ Φ Ψ Ω







&alpha; &beta;    &gamma; &delta;  &epsilon; &zeta;            

&eta;   &theta;   &iota;  &kappa;  &lambda;  &mu;     &nu; 

&xi;    &omicron; &pi;    &rho;    &sigma;   &sigmaf;          

&tau;   &upsilon; &phi;   &chi;    &psi;     &omega;           

&Gamma; &Delta;   &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi;      &Pi;              

&Sigma; &Phi;     &Psi;   &Omega;                                      









Math characters: (TeX is often better) 

∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞

≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥

× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″

∇ ‰ ° ∴ ø

∈ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇

¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔

→ ↔ ↑ ↓







&int;   &sum;    &prod;   &radic;  &minus;  &plusmn; &infin; 

&asymp; &prop;   &equiv;  &ne;     &le;     &ge;                 

&times; &middot; &divide; &part;   &prime;  &Prime;              

&nabla; &permil; &deg;    &there4; &oslash;                          

&isin;  &cap;    &cup;    &sub;    &sup;    &sube;   &supe;  

&not;   &and;    &or;     &exist;  &forall; &rArr;   &hArr;  

&rarr;  &harr;   &uarr;   &darr;                                                  









Problem symbols: 

ℵ ∉






&alefsym; &notin; 








Templates


Templates are segments of Wiki markup that are meant to be copied automatically ("transcluded") into a page.
You add them by putting the template's name in {{double braces}}.

Some templates take parameters, as well, which you separate with the pipe character.







What it looks like

What you type






Template:Transclusion demo




{{Transclusion demo}}








This template takes two parameters, and creates
underlined text with a hover box:

Template:H:title

Go to this page to see the H:title template itself: Template:Tl




This template takes two parameters, and creates
underlined text with a hover box:

{{H:title|This is the hover text|
Hover your mouse over this text}}

Go to this page to see the H:title template itself: {{tl|H:title}}










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